WEI BIAO WU'S PUBLICATIONS
1. SOHAM BONNERJEE, Sayar
Karmakar, Wei Biao Wu, Sharp Gaussian approximations for Decentralized
Federated Learning, NeurIPS 2025
2. Or Goldreich, Ziyang
Wei, SOHAM BONNERJEE, Jiaqi Li, Wei Biao Wu, Asymptotic theory of SGD
with a general learning-rate. NeurIPS 2025
3. Ziyang Wei, Jiaqi Li,
Zhipeng Lou, Wei Biao Wu,
Gaussian Approximation and Concentration of
Constant Learning-Rate Stochastic Gradient Descent. NeurIPS 2025
4. Jiaqi Li, Zhipeng Lou,
Johannes Schmidt-Hieber, Wei Biao Wu, Statistical Guarantees for
High-Dimensional Stochastic Gradient Descent. NeurIPS 2025
5. R Xie, TN Sriram, WB
Wu, P Ma. Online Sequential Leveraging Sampling Method for
Streaming Autoregressive Time Series with Application to Seismic Data.
Annals of Applied Statistics 2025
6. Degui Li, Bin Peng,
Songqiao Tang, and Wei Biao Wu Estimation
of Grouped Time-Varying Network Vector Autoregressive Models. Annals
of Statistics 2025
7. Y Wu, WB Wu Optimal
Multivariate EWMA Chart for Detecting Common Change in Mean. Methodology
and Computing in Applied Probability, 2025
8. Z Lou, WB Wu. High-dimensional
Simultaneous Inference of Quantiles. Sankhya A, 2025
9. T Kley, YP Liu, H Cao,
WB Wu. Change-point analysis with irregular signals. The
Annals of Statistics, 2024
10.J Li, L Chen, W Wang, WB Wu. L2 inference for change
points in high-dimensional time series via a Two-Way MOSUM. The
Annals of Statistics, 2024
11.J Gao, B Peng, WB Wu, Y Yan. Time-varying multivariate
causal processes. Journal of Econometrics, 2024
12.S Bonnerjee, S Karmakar, WB Wu. Gaussian approximation
for nonstationary time series with optimal rate and explicit construction. The
Annals of Statistics, 2024
13.G Motta, WB Wu, M Pourahmadi. √ 2-estimation for
smooth eigenvectors of matrix-valued functions. Biometrika,
2023
14.W Zhu, X Chen, WB Wu. Online covariance matrix
estimation in stochastic gradient descent. JASA 2023
15.Z Lou, X Zhang, WB Wu. High-dimensional analysis of
variance in multivariate linear regression. Biometrika, 2023
16.L Chen, G Keilbar, WB Wu Recursive quantile
estimation: Non-asymptotic confidence bounds. Journal
of Machine Learning Research, 2023
17.Y Han, RS Tsay, WB Wu. High dimensional generalized
linear models for temporal dependent data. Bernoulli, 2023
18.W Zhu, Z Lou, WB Wu. Beyond sub-gaussian noises: Sharp
concentration analysis for stochastic gradient descent. Journal
of Machine Learning Research, 2022
19.Min D. Tang-Schomer, Harshpreet Chandok, Wei-Biao Wu, Ching
C. Lau, Markus J. Bookland, Joshy George. 3D patient-derived tumor
models to recapitulate pediatric brain tumors In Vitro. Translational
Oncology
Volume 20, June 2022, 101407
20.H Cao, WB Wu. Testing and estimation for clustered
signals. Bernoulli, 2022
21.Sayar Karmakar, Marek Chudý, Wei Biao Wu. Long-term
prediction intervals with many covariates. Journal of Time Series
Analysis 2021
22.L Chen, E Smetanina, WB Wu. Estimation of
nonstationary nonparametric regression model with multiplicative structure. The
Econometrics Journal, 2022
23.L Chen, W Wang, WB Wu. Dynamic semiparametric factor
model with structural breaks. JBES 2021
24.Zhipeng Lou and Wei Biao Wu (2023) Simultaneous
Inference for Mean Curves of Functional and Longitudinal Data: A Unified
Theory. R
code is here.
25.Likai Chen, Weining Wang and Wei Biao Wu (2021)
Inference of breakpoints in high-dimensional time series. JASA, To Appear
26.Johannes Moritz Jirak, Wei Biao Wu and Ou Zhao
(2021) Sharp connections between Berry-Esseen characteristics and Edgeworth
expansions for stationary processes, Transactions of the American Mathematical
Society, To Appear
27.Sayar Karmakar, Stefan Richter and Wei Biao Wu
(2021) Simultaneous inference for time-varying models. The Journal of
Econometrics. To Appear
28.Ayman Moawad, Ehsan Islam, Namdoo Kim, Ram
Vijayagopal, Aymeric Rousseau, Wei Biao Wu (2021) Explainable AI for a
No-Teardown Vehicle Component Cost Estimation: A Top-Down Approach. IEEE
Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 10.1109/TAI.2021.3065011
29.Stefan Richter, Weining Wang and Wei Biao Wu
(2021) Testing for parameter change epochs in GARCH time series. The
Econometrics Journal, To Appear
30.Danna Zhang and Wei Biao Wu (2021) Convergence
of covariance and spectral density estimates for high-dimensional locally
stationary processes. Annals of Statistics 2021, Vol. 49, No. 1, 233-254.
31.M Chudý, S Karmakar, WB Wu (2020) Long-term
prediction intervals of economic time series. Empirical Economics 58 (1),
191-222
32.Fang Han and Wei Biao Wu (2020) Probability
Inequalities for High Dimensional Time Series under a Triangular Array
Framework. Springer Handbook of Engineering Statistics.
33.Yuefeng Han and Wei Biao Wu, "Test for high
dimensional covariance matrices" Annals of Statistics 2020, Vol. 48, No.
6, 3565-3588.
34.Ekaterina Smetanina and Wei Biao Wu (2020)
Asymptotic Theory for QMLE for the Real-time GARCH(1,1) model. Journal of Time
Series Analysis, To Appear
35.Martin Wendler and Wei Biao Wu (2020) Central
limit theorems for nearly long range dependent subordinated linear processes.
Journal of Applied ProbabilityVolume 57 Issue 2.
36.Likai Chen and Wei Biao Wu (2018). Concentration
inequalities for empirical processes of linear time series. Journal of Machine
Learning Research. To Appear.
37.Likai Chen, Wei Biao Wu (2018). Testing for
Trends in High-dimensional Time Series. Journal of the American
Statistical Association. To Appear.
38.R Dahlhaus, S Richter, W. B Wu (2018).
Towards a general theory for non-linear locally stationary
processes. Bernoulli. To Appear.
39.Sayar Karmakar and Wei Biao Wu (2018). Optimal
Gaussian Approximation For Multiple Time Series, Statistica Sinica. To Appear.
40.Tang-Schomer M. D., Wu W. B., Kaplan D. L.,
Bookland M.J (2018). In Vitro 3D Regeneration-like Growth of Human Patient
Brain Tissue. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. To
Appear.
41.Wei Biao Wu and Paolo Zaffaroni (2018).
Asymptotic Theory For Spectral Density Estimates Of General Multivariate Time
Series. Volume 34, Issue 1, 1--22.
42.Wei Biao Wu, Zhipeng Lou and Yuefeng Han (2018).
Hypothesis Testing for High-Dimensional Data, Handbook of Big Data Analytics,
Springer.
43.Danna Zhang and Wei Biao Wu (2017). Gaussian
Approximation for High Dimensional Time Series. Annals of Statistics. 45,
Number 5, 1895-1919.
44.S. Deb, M Pourahmadi, W. B. Wu (2017). An
asymptotic theory for spectral analysis of random fields. Electronic
Journal of Statistics, Volume 11, Number 2, 4297--4322.
45.Danna Zhang and Wei Biao Wu (2017). Asymptotic
theory for estimators of high-order statistics of stationary processes. IEEE
Transactions on Information Theory. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2017.2764480.
46.Xiaohui Chen, Mengyu Xu and Wei Biao Wu
(2016). Regularized Estimation of Linear Functionals of Precision Matrices for
High-Dimensional Time Series. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,
Volume: 64, Issue: 24, DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2016.2605079
47.Likai Chen, Wei Biao Wu (2016). Stability
and asymptotics for autoregressive processes. Electronic Journal of
Statistics, Volume 10, 3723--3751.
48.Xiaohong Chen, Qi-Man Shao, Wei Biao Wu, Lihu Xu
(2016). Self-normalized Cramér Type Moderate Deviations under Dependence Ann.
Statist. Volume 44, Number 4 (2016), 1593-1617.
49.Maggie X. Cheng ; Wei Biao Wu (2016). A
model-free localization method for sensor networks with sparse anchors. 2016
IEEE International Conference on Communications, DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2016.7510964
50.Degui Li, Weidong Liu, Qiying Wang and Wei Biao
Wu (2016). Simultaneous Confidence Bands in Nonlinear Regression Models with
Nonstationarity. Statistica Sinica. To Appear.
51.Wei-Biao Wu and Ying Nian Wu (2016). Performance
bounds for parameter estimates of high-dimensional linear models with
correlated errors. Electron. J. Statist. Volume 10, Number 1 (2016),
352-379.
52.Ting Zhang and Wei Biao Wu (2015). Time-varying
nonlinear regression models: Nonparametric estimation and model selection Ann.
Statist. Volume 43, Number 2 (2015), 741-768.
53.K. H. Kim, T Zhang, W. B. Wu (2015). Parametric
specification test for nonlinear autoregressive models Econometric Theory,
Volume 31 Issue 05 October 2015, pp 1078-1101
54.H. Cao, W. B. Wu (2015). Changepoint estimation:
another look at multiple testing problems. Biometrika, 2015, doi:
10.1093/biomet/asv031
55.M. Cheng, W. B. Wu (2015). Data Analytics for
Fault Localization in Complex Networks IEEE Internet of Things Journal (Volume:PP,
Issue: 99) 10.1109/JIOT.2015.2503270
56.M. Peligrad, H Sang, Y. Zhong, W. B Wu (2014).
Exact moderate and large deviations for linear processes. Statistica
Sinica, 24, 957-969
57.H. Xiao, W. B. Wu (2014). Portmanteau test and
simultaneous inference for serial covariances, Vol. 24, No. 2 (April 2014), pp.
577-599
58.W. Liu, H Xiao, W. B. Wu (2013) Probability and
moment inequalities under dependence. Statistica Sinica, Vol. 23, No.
3 (July 2013), pp. 1257-1272
59.H. Xiao, W. B. Wu (2013) Asymptotic theory for
maximum deviations of sample covariance matrix estimates. Stochastic
Processes and their Applications, Vol 123, pp. 2899–2920
60.M. Pourahmadi, W. Biao Wu (2013) Covariance
Matrix Estimation (High Dimensional). Encyclopedia of Environmetrics
61.W. B. Wu (2013) Covariance Matrix Estimation
(Estimated Parameters). Encyclopedia of Environmetrics
62.Gou; Bei and Wu, Wei Biao (2014)
Computer-based method for power system state estimation, United States Patent
8634965
63.Istvan Berkes, Weidong Liu, Wei
Biao Wu (2014). Komlos-Major-Tusnady approximation
under dependence. Annals of Probability 2014, Vol. 42, No. 2,
794-817.
64.Xiaohui Chen, Mengyu Xu, Wei Biao
Wu (2013). Covariance and
precision matrix estimation for high-dimensional time series. Annals
of Statistics 2013, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2994-3021
65.Yinxiao Huang, Xiaohong Chen, Wei
Biao Wu (2014). Recursive Nonparametric Estimation for Time Series. Information
Theory, IEEE Transactions on, Volume:60, 1301-1312
66.Ting Zhang, Hwai-Chung Ho, Martin Wendler,
Wei Biao Wu (2013). Block
Sampling under Strong Dependence. Stochastic Processes and their
Applications. Volume 123, Issue 6, 2323-2339
67.Mohamed El Machkouri, Dalibor Volny and
Wei Biao Wu (2012). A central
limit theorem for stationary random fields. To Appear. Stochastic
Processes and their Applications.
68.Ting Zhang and Wei Biao Wu (2012). Inference of time-varying regression
models Annals of
Statistics. Volume 40, Number 3 (2012), 1376-1402.
69.Eric Beutner, Wei Biao Wu and Henryk Zaehle (2012). Asymptotics for
statistical functionals of long-memory sequences. Stochastic
Processes and their Applications Volume 122, Issue 3,
March 2012, Pages 910-929
70.H. Xiao and W. B. Wu (2012). Covariance
Matrix Estimation for Stationary Time Series. Annals of Statistics,
Volume 40, Number 1 (2012), 466-493.
71.D. Degras, Z. Xu, T. Zhang and W. B.
Wu. (2012) Testing for Parallelism Among Trends in Multiple Time Series, IEEE
Transactions on Signal Processing, Volume: 60 Issue:3 1087-1097
72.Ting Zhang and Wei Biao Wu (2011) Testing
parametric assumptions of trends of nonstationary time series, Biometrika, Volume 98, Issue 3 599-614
73.Wei Biao Wu and Han Xiao (2011) Covariance
Matrix Estimation in Time Series, Handbook of Statistics, vol 30.
Pages 187-209
74.Wei Biao Wu (2011) Asymptotic theory for
stationary processes, Statistics and Its Interface, Vol 4,
Number 2, 207-226
75.Xiao, H. and Wu, W. B. (2010). A Single-Pass
algorithm for spectrum estimation with fast convergence. IEEE Trans.
Inform. Theory, Volume 57, Issue: 7 4720 - 4731
76.Zhou, Z. and Wu, W. B. (2011). On Linear Models
with Long Memory and Heavy-tailed Errors. Journal of Multivariate Analysis.
102, 349-362
77.Wu,
Wei Biao; Mielniczuk,
Jan A new look
at measuring dependence. Dependence in probability and
statistics, 123-142, Lecture
Notes in Statist., 200, Springer,Berlin, 2010.
78.Wu, W. B., Huang, Y. and Huang, Y. (2010). Kernel
estimation for time series: An asymptotic theory. Stochastic Processes
and their Applications 120 2412-2431.
79.Zhou, Z. and Wu, W. B. (2010). Simultaneous
Inference of Linear Models with Time-Varying Coefficients. Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society, Series B., 72, 513--531.
80.Zhou, Z., Xu, Z. and Wu, W. B. (2010).
Long-term Prediction Intervals of Time Series. IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory, 56 1436-1446.
81.Weidong Liu and Wei Biao Wu (2010). Simultaneous Nonparametric Inference of
Time Series, Annals of Statistics Vol. 38, No. 4, 2388-2421
82.Weidong Liu and Wei Biao Wu (2010). Asymptotics of
Spectral Density Estimates, Econometric
Theory (2010), 26: 1218-1245
83.Wu, W.-B., Huang, Y. and Zheng, W. (2010). Covariances estimation
for long-memory process. Advances in Applied Probability 42 137-157.
84.Magda Peligrad and Wei Biao Wu
(2010). Central Limit Theorem for
Fourier Transforms of Stationary Processes. Annals of Probability 38
2009-2022.
85.Zhao, Zhibiao and Wu, Wei Biao
(2009). Nonparametric
inference of discretely sampled stable L\'evy processes. J.
Econometrics 153 83--92
86.Xiaohong Chen, Wei Biao Wu and Yanping Yi
(2009) Efficient estimation of
copula-based semiparametric Markov models, Annals of
Statistics, Vol. 37, No. 6B, 4214-4253
87.W. B. Wu (2009): Recursive Estimation of Time-Average
Variance Constants, Annals of Applied Probability Vol. 19, No. 4,
1529-1552
88.W. B. Wu and Mohsen Pourahmadi (2009): Banding Sample
Covariance Matrices of Stationary Processes, Statistica Sinica 19
1755-1768
89.Zhou Zhou and Wei Biao Wu
(2009). Local Linear Quantile Estimation
for Non-stationary Time Series, Annals of Statistics Vol. 37, No.
5B, 2696-2729
90.W. B. Wu (2008), Empirical
processes of stationary sequences. Statistica Sinica, 18,
313-333.
91.W. B. Wu (2008). An asymptotic theory for
sample covariances of Bernoulli shifts. Stochastic Processes
and their Applications. Volume 119, Issue 2, February 2009, Pages 453-467
92.Dana Draghicescu, Serge Guillas, and
Wei Biao Wu (2009). Quantile curve
estimation and visualization for non-stationary time series. Journal
of Computational and Graphical Statistics Vol. 18, No. 1: 1-20
93.W. B. Wu (2008). On false discovery control under
dependence, Annals of Statistics, 36, 364-380.
94.Wu, W. B. and Zhao, Z. (2008). Moderate
deviations for stationary processes. To appear, Statistica Sinica.
95.Z. Zhao and W. B. Wu (2008). Confidence Bands in Nonparametric Time
Series Regression. Annals of Statistics Vol. 36, No. 4,
1854-1878.
96.W. B. Wu, K., Yu and G. Mitra, (2007). Kernel
Conditional Quantile Estimation for Stationary Processes with
Application to Conditional Value-at-Risk, Journal of Financial
Econometrics, 6, 253-270
97.Zhibiao Zhao and W. B. Wu (2007). Asymptotic theory for
curve-crossing analysis. Stochastic Processes and their Applications,
Volume 117, July 2007, Pages 862-877.
98.W. B. Wu and Zhibiao Zhao
(2007). Inference of
Trends in Time Series. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,
Series B, Volume 69, June 2007, 391-410(20) .
99.X. Shao and W. B. Wu (2007). Asymptotic spectral theory for
nonlinear time series. Annals of Statistics, Vol. 35, No. 4,
1773-1801.
100.
Xiaofeng Shao and Wei Biao Wu (2007). Local asymptotic powers of
nonparametric and semiparametric tests for fractional integration. Stochastic
Processes and their Applications, Volume 117, Issue 2, February 2007, Pages
251-261
101.
W. B. Wu and X. Shao (2007). A
Limit Theorem for Quadratic Forms and Its Applications. Econometric
Theory, 23, 930-951.
102.
X. Shao and W. B. Wu (2007). Local
Whittle Estimation of Fractional Integration for Nonlinear Processes. Econometric
Theory, 23, 899-929.
103.
W. B. Wu (2007). Strong
invariance principles for dependent random variables. Annals of
Probability, 35, 2294-2320.
104.
W. B. Wu (2007). M-estimation of linear models with
dependent errors. Annals of Statistics, 35, 495-521.
105.
Bob Keener and W B Wu (2006): On Dirichlet Multinomial
Distributions. In: Random walk, sequential analysis and related topics: A
Festschrift in Honor of Yuan-Shih Chow, pp. 118-130.
106.
W. B. Wu and X. Shao (2006). Invariance
principles for fractionally integrated nonlinear processes. IMS
lecture notes-monograph series, Vol. 50 (2006) 20-30.
107.
W. B. Wu (2006). Oscillations of
Empirical Distribution Functions under Dependence. IMS lecture
notes-monograph series, High dimensional Probabilities. Vol. 51, 53-61.
108.
Peligrad M., Utev, S. and W. B. Wu
(2007): A
maximal L_p inequality for stationary sequences and its applications. Proc.
Amer. Math. Soc., Volume 135, 541-550
109.
W. B. Wu (2005). Nonlinear
system theory: Another look at dependence. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences USA, 102, 14150--14154.
110.
W. B. Wu and Wanli Min (2005). On linear processes with
dependent innovations. Stochastic Processes and their Applications,
115, 939--958.
111.
W. B. Wu (2005). Unit Root
Testing for Functionals of Linear Processes. Econometric
Theory, 22, 1-14
112.
Ma, K. G. Shin and W. Wu (2005). Best-Effort
Patching for Multicast True VoD Service. Multimedia Tools and
Applications, 26, 101--122 .
113.
Mielniczuk and W.B. Wu (2004). Statistica Sinica
14, 1105-1126.
114.
Hong Qin, Wei Biao Wu, Joseph M. Comeron, Martin
Kreitman and Wen-Hsiung Li (2004). Intragenic
spatial patterns of codon usage bias in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
genomes Genetics. 2004 Dec;168(4):2245-60.
115.
W. B. Wu (2005). On the
Bahadur representation of sample quantiles for dependent sequences. Annals
of Statistics, 33, 1934--1963
116.
S. Csorgo and W. B. Wu (2004). On the clustering of
independent uniform random variables. Random Structures and Algorithms, Volume 25,
Issue 4, Pages 396 - 420
117.
Wu, W. B., G. Michailidis and Danlu Zhang (June,
2004). Simulating
Sample Paths of Linear Fractional Stable Motion, IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory, Volume: 50, Issue: 6, 1086- 1096. (Part of the material was
presented at the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference, December, San Diego.
118.
Wu, W. B., X. Shao (June 2004). Limit Theorems
for Iterated Random Functions. Journal of Applied Probability, 41,
425-436.
119.
Wu, W. B. (2005). Fourier
transforms of stationary processes. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 133
(2005), 285-293.
120.
Wu, W. B. (2004). A test for
detecting changes in mean. In IMA Volume 139 "Time series analysis and
applications to geophysical systems", pp 105-122, Editors: D. R.
Brillinger, E. A. Robinson, and F. Schoenberg.
121.
Hong Qin, Henry H. S. Lu, Wei B. Wu, and
Wen-Hsiung Li (Oct. 28, 2003): Evolution of the yeast protein interaction
network. Proc. Acad. Sci. USA. 100 (22): 12820-12824.
122.
Wei Biao Wu and Mohsen Pourahmadi (2003) Nonparametric
estimation of large covariance matrices of longitudinal data. Biometrika,
831--844
123.
Hsing, T. and Wu, W. B.(2004) On weighted U
statistics for stationary processes. Annals of Probability, 32, 1600-1631
124.
Wu, W. B. and Woodroofe, M. (2004) Martingale
approximations for sums of stationary processes. Annals of Probability, 32,
1674-1690
125.
Wu, W. B. (2003). Additive
Functionals of Infinite-Variance Moving Averages. Statistica Sinica
13, 1259--1267
126.
Wu, W. B. (2003). Empirical
Processes of Long-memory Sequences. Bernoulli 9, 809--831
127.
W. B. Wu and C.V. Ravishankar (2003): The Performance of
Difference Coding for Sets and Relational Tables. Journal of the
Association for Computing Machinery, 50, Issue 5, 665 - 693
128.
W. B. Wu (2002). Central limit theorems for
functionals of linear processes and their applications. Statistica Sinica,
12, 635-649.
129.
Zhang, W. B. Wu and K. M. Wasserman, Analysis on
Markov Modeling of Cellular Packet Transmission, WCNC 2002 - IEEE Wireless
Communications and Networking Conference, vol. 3, no. 1, March 2002, pp. 875 -
879. (short version was presented at the 39th Annual Allerton Conference on
Communication, Control, and Computing.)
130.
W. B. Wu and J. Mielniczuk: Kernel density
estimation for linear processes. Annals of Statistics, 30, (2002),
1441-1459
131.
D. Zhang, G. Michailidis, K. M. Wasserman and W.
B. Wu, A Low-complexity Network Traffic Predictor using Aggregation, 36th
Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), Princeton, NJ, March,
2002.
132.
S. Csorgo, B. Valko and W.B. Wu: Random multisets and
bootstrap means. Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum. 67 (2001), 843-875
133.
W. B. Wu, M. Woodroofe and G. Mentz: Isotonic
regression: another look at the change point problem. Biometrika, 88,
793-804, 2001
134.
W. B. Wu and M. Woodroofe: A central limit
theorem for iterated random functions. Journal of Applied Probability 37
(2000), 748-755.
135.
S. Csorgo and W. B. Wu: Random graphs
and the strong convergence of bootstrap means. Combinatorics,
Probability and Computing 9 (2000), 315-347.
136.
S. Csorgo and W. B. Wu: On sums of overlapping
products of independent Bernoulli random variables. Ukra. matematicheski.
zhurnal 52 (2000), 1304-1309. [Ukranian Mathematical Journal 52 (2000), No.9:
A.V. Skorokhod< special issue.]
137.
J. A. Fessler, H. Erdogan and W.B. Wu: Exact
distribution of edge-preserving MAP estimators for linear signal models with
Gaussian measurement noise. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 9
(2000), 1049-1055.
138.
W. B. Wu: On the strong convergence of a
weighted sum. Statistics & Probability Letters 44 (1999), 19-22.
Last
update: October 6, 2025